Mayron R, Long R S, Ruiz E
Am J Emerg Med. 1984 Nov;2(6):491-3. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(84)90070-6.
The telephone number 911 is designated for public use in requesting emergency assistance. It is thought to reduce response time by reducing the interval between the decision to call for assistance and the notification of an agency that can dispatch the appropriate services. The experience of the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul provides a unique opportunity to examine this assumption. Prior to the introduction of the 911 emergency telephone number on December 1, 1982, the area was serviced by over 100 different seven-digit emergency telephone numbers. Before the introduction of 911, 347 callers who activated the emergency medical services (EMS) system were interviewed, and after 911 was introduced, 305 callers were interviewed. Activation of the EMS system by making one call in less than 1 minute was achieved by 219 of 347 callers (63%) in the pre-911 phase and by 251 of 305 callers (82%) in the post-911 phase (P less than 0.001). Compliance (use of an appropriate emergency number for the first call) was demonstrated by 139 of 347 callers (40%) in the pre-911 phase, and 225 of 305 callers (74%) in the post-911 phase (P less than 0.001). Rapid activation of the EMS system was rarely achieved by calling a hospital or physician first. Overall, 911 was found to be a more efficient means of activating the EMS system.
电话号码911被指定供公众用于请求紧急援助。人们认为它通过缩短决定呼叫援助与通知能够派遣适当服务的机构之间的间隔时间来减少响应时间。明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗双子城大都市区的经验提供了一个检验这一假设的独特机会。在1982年12月1日引入911紧急电话号码之前，该地区由100多个不同的七位紧急电话号码提供服务。在引入911之前，对347名激活紧急医疗服务（EMS）系统的呼叫者进行了访谈，在引入911之后，对305名呼叫者进行了访谈。在911之前的阶段，347名呼叫者中有219名（63%）在不到1分钟内拨打一个电话激活了EMS系统，在911之后的阶段，305名呼叫者中有251名（82%）做到了这一点（P小于0.001）。在911之前的阶段，347名呼叫者中有139名（40%）表现出合规（首次呼叫使用适当的紧急号码），在911之后的阶段，305名呼叫者中有225名（74%）做到了这一点（P小于0.001）。通过首先呼叫医院或医生很少能快速激活EMS系统。总体而言，发现911是激活EMS系统的更有效方式。
