Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jun;111(6):1007-16. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1729-7. Epub 2010 Nov 17.
We investigated the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) in 145 male ultra-marathoners at the '100-km ultra-run' in Biel, Switzerland. Changes in body mass, urinary specific gravity, haemoglobin, haematocrit, plasma [Na(+)], and plasma volume were determined. Seven runners (4.8%) developed asymptomatic EAH. Body mass, haematocrit and haemoglobin decreased, plasma [Na(+)] remained unchanged and plasma volume increased. Δ body mass correlated with both post race plasma [Na(+)] and Δ plasma [Na(+)]. Δ plasma volume was associated with post race plasma [Na(+)]. The athletes consumed 0.65 (0.30) L/h; fluid intake correlated significantly and negatively (r = -0.50, p < 0.0001) to race time. Fluid intake was neither associated with post race plasma [Na(+)] nor with Δ plasma [Na(+)], but was related to Δ body mass. To conclude, the prevalence of EAH was low at ~5% in these male 100 km ultra-marathoners. EAH was asymptomatic and would not have been detected without the measurement of plasma [Na(+)].
我们在瑞士比尔的“100 公里超级马拉松”上调查了 145 名男性超长距离跑运动员中运动相关性低钠血症（EAH）的患病率。测定了体重、尿比重、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血浆[Na+]和血浆容量的变化。7 名跑步者（4.8%）出现无症状 EAH。体重、红细胞压积和血红蛋白下降，血浆[Na+]不变，血浆容量增加。Δ体重与赛后血浆[Na+]和Δ血浆[Na+]均相关。Δ血浆容量与赛后血浆[Na+]相关。运动员每小时摄入 0.65（0.30）L；液体摄入量与比赛时间呈显著负相关（r = -0.50，p < 0.0001）。液体摄入量与赛后血浆[Na+]和Δ血浆[Na+]均无关，但与Δ体重有关。总之，在这些男性 100 公里超级马拉松运动员中，EAH 的患病率约为 5%，发病率较低。如果不测量血浆[Na+]，EAH 是无症状的，无法被检测到。
