Zacharko R M, Bowers W J, Anisman H
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1984;8(4-6):601-6. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(84)90021-6.
Stressors influence the activity of biogenic amines and provoke a variety of behavioral disturbances which have been considered as models of human depression. To evaluate the effects of stressors on reward processes, responding for electrical brain stimulation was assessed after acute or chronic shock, and the modification of performance by desmethylimipramine was determined. While escapable shock did not affect performance, inescapable shock reduced responding from the nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain bundle, but not from the substantia nigra. These deficits were were antagonized by repeated stressor application or by desmethylimipramine. Uncontrollable stressors may influence motivational processes subserved by some brain regions, and may thus influence affective state. Chronic stress or desmethylimipramine may induce adaptive neurochemical changes, thereby preventing the behavioral disturbances otherwise produced by stressors.
应激源会影响生物胺的活性，并引发各种行为障碍，这些行为障碍被视为人类抑郁症的模型。为了评估应激源对奖赏过程的影响，在急性或慢性电击后评估对脑电刺激的反应，并确定去甲丙咪嗪对行为表现的改变。虽然可逃避的电击不影响行为表现，但不可逃避的电击会减少伏隔核和内侧前脑束的反应，但黑质的反应不受影响。这些缺陷可通过重复施加应激源或使用去甲丙咪嗪来对抗。不可控的应激源可能会影响某些脑区所支持的动机过程，从而可能影响情绪状态。慢性应激或去甲丙咪嗪可能会诱导适应性神经化学变化，从而防止应激源原本会产生的行为障碍。
