Shu Y J
Acta Cytol. 1983 Jan-Feb;27(1):7-16.
Carcinoma of the esophagus is the most common malignancy in many parts of China. In an attempt to control it by early diagnosis, the balloon sampling technique was developed approximately 20 years ago. This technique is now widely used in China and is accepted as a diagnostic method by WHO. Up to 1979, more than 500,000 people were examined in China. It is routinely used for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions in the esophagus, with an accuracy in the range of 90%. In mass surveys, 73.8% of the cancers detected have been carcinoma in situ and minimally invasive carcinomas. Dysplasias have been shown to progress to invasion by cytologic studies. The utilization of this technique has made possible epidemiologic studies and, thereby, coordination of etiologic research in esophageal cancer. Detection rates of early esophageal cancer by cytologic studies are more accurate than are those with either endoscopic or radiologic methods. The instruments and technique for balloon sampling of esophageal lesions are described, as are the cellular cytomorphology and the diagnostic cytologic criteria applicable to the samples obtained.
食管癌是中国许多地区最常见的恶性肿瘤。大约20年前，为了通过早期诊断来控制这种疾病，人们开发了气囊采样技术。该技术目前在中国广泛应用，并被世界卫生组织认可为一种诊断方法。截至1979年，中国有超过50万人接受了检查。它通常用于区分食管的良性和恶性病变，准确率在90%左右。在大规模调查中，检测出的癌症中有73.8%为原位癌和微浸润癌。细胞学研究表明，发育异常会发展为浸润性病变。这项技术的应用使得流行病学研究成为可能，从而协调了食管癌的病因学研究。通过细胞学研究检测早期食管癌的准确率高于内镜或放射学方法。文中描述了食管病变气囊采样的仪器和技术，以及适用于所获样本的细胞形态学和诊断细胞学标准。
