Dayal H, Chiu C Y, Sharrar R, Mangan J, Rosenwaike I, Shapiro S, Henley A J, Goldberg-Alberts R, Kinman J
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Sep;73(3):565-74.
Cancer mortality data for the period 1968-80 were analyzed to examine whether the high cancer burden for the city of Philadelphia was "evenly" distributed spatially and, if not, whether this distribution could be associated with socioeconomic variables and air pollution. Areas with significantly higher-than-expected rates tended to cluster; lung cancer and non-lung cancers showed distinctive cluster patterns, which were evident only for males; female rates for any cancer or groups of cancers were almost uniformly distributed over the neighborhoods. Both the high lung cancer and the high non-lung cancer clusters were characterized by low socioeconomic status, but only the high lung cancer clusters exhibited high levels of air pollution. These neighborhood characteristics suggested that socioeconomic variables explain non-lung cancer mortality patterns; socioeconomic variables, together with air pollution, could be responsible for the observed lung cancer patterns. The uniform distribution of female lung cancer rates suggested that air pollution by itself cannot be a prominent factor in lung cancer mortality.
分析了1968 - 1980年期间的癌症死亡率数据，以研究费城的高癌症负担在空间上是否“均匀”分布，如果不是，这种分布是否与社会经济变量和空气污染有关。癌症发生率显著高于预期的区域往往会聚集；肺癌和非肺癌呈现出不同的聚集模式，且仅在男性中明显；女性的任何一种癌症或癌症组的发生率在各社区几乎呈均匀分布。高肺癌聚集区和高非肺癌聚集区的特点都是社会经济地位较低，但只有高肺癌聚集区空气污染程度高。这些社区特征表明，社会经济变量可以解释非肺癌死亡率模式；社会经济变量与空气污染共同作用，可能是观察到的肺癌模式的原因。女性肺癌发生率的均匀分布表明，空气污染本身不可能是肺癌死亡率的一个突出因素。
