Antibodies to glycosphingolipids in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Antibodies to one or more glycosphingolipids were detected by means of a liposome lysis assay in the sera of 60/81 patients with multiple sclerosis, 24/42 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in the majority of patients with cranial trauma or cerebrovascular accidents. Antibodies against ganglioside GM1 and asialo GM1 were found most commonly and they were frequently present in the same sera. Among patients whose sera contained antibodies to glycolipids, anti-GM1 alone occurred more frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (14/59) than in systemic lupus erythematosus (1/22; p = 0.045) and antiasialo GM1 alone was more common in patients with lupus (9/22) than in patients with multiple sclerosis (8/59, p = 0.007). In 10 sera analyzed, all of the antibodies against these two glycolipids were of the IgM class, and some fluctuation in antibody titers was noted over a three-month period. The role of these antibodies in the initiation or perpetuation of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system remains to be determined.