Andrews R C, Hawkins I F
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984 Jun;142(6):1191-5. doi: 10.2214/ajr.142.6.1191.
In 1979, a new 22 gauge "skinny"-needle cannula system was introduced for combined percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage procedures. This small-bore system safely permits multiple passes when searching for small targets. Once the area of interest is entered, drainage can be accomplished with the same needle insertion by advancing either a 5 French straight Teflon or 6.5 French Teflon retention catheter over the stiff 22 gauge cannula. The distal tip of a catheter is looped using a continuous strand of monofilament, which helps to prevent catheter dislodgment. For 103 cholangiograms attempted, the overall success rate was 97%, including 95% in nondilated intrahepatic biliary tracts, with no major complications.
1979年，一种新型的22号“细”针套管系统被引入用于经皮肝穿刺胆管造影和引流联合操作。这种小口径系统在寻找小目标时能安全地进行多次穿刺。一旦进入感兴趣区域，可通过在硬的22号套管上推进5法式直形聚四氟乙烯或6.5法式聚四氟乙烯留置导管，使用同一根针插入来完成引流。导管的远端用单丝连续线形成环状，这有助于防止导管移位。在103次尝试的胆管造影中，总体成功率为97%，其中未扩张的肝内胆管成功率为95%，且无重大并发症。
