Golding J M, Singer J L
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983 Sep;45(3):663-75. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.45.3.663.
This study explored relations among daydreaming styles, normal depressive moods, and psychological sex roles. Factor analyses indicated that three orientations toward events characterize inner experience: Positive, Expressive, and Instrumental perspectives. Regression analyses showed that a unique pattern of inner experience is associated with each of the two types of depressive mood. These patterns are consistent with the two modes of emotional response and superego functioning--shame and guilt--that Lewis (1976) identified. Examination of sex differences and sex role differences in the data suggests that (a) psychological sex roles have more consistent relations to daydreaming styles and depressive experiences than does biological sex, (b) previous reports of sex differences in depression may be partly explainable in terms of differences in distractability and sex roles, and (c) psychological sex roles have different meanings for women and men.
本研究探讨了白日梦风格、正常抑郁情绪和心理性别角色之间的关系。因素分析表明，对事件的三种取向表征了内心体验：积极、表达和工具性视角。回归分析显示，独特的内心体验模式与两种抑郁情绪中的每一种都相关。这些模式与刘易斯（1976年）所确定的两种情绪反应和超我功能模式——羞耻和内疚——相一致。对数据中的性别差异和性别角色差异的考察表明：（a）心理性别角色与白日梦风格和抑郁体验的关系比生理性别更为一致；（b）先前关于抑郁症性别差异的报告部分可以用注意力分散能力和性别角色的差异来解释；（c）心理性别角色对女性和男性具有不同的意义。
