Twerski A J
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1983 Nov;34(11):1027-30. doi: 10.1176/ps.34.11.1027.
Abstaining from use of a chemical that has provided a desirable sensation will not occur as long as the pleasure or relief derived from its use exceeds the unpleasant consequences--hence, the popular observation that an alcoholic does not stop drinking until he hits rock bottom. Waiting for rock bottom to occur, however, is fraught with physical and emotional risk both for the alcoholic and for the significant others in his life. The author describes two interventions designed to make the patient realize the gravity of the alcoholism problem. The first is conducted through conventional medical or psychiatric settings. The second consists of a collective, guided effort by significant persons in the patient's environment to confront the patient with specific details of his inebriety and with the changes they are prepared to make in their own lives if he does not enter treatment. The author also describes a treatment plan to be initiated after successful intervention.
只要使用某种化学物质所带来的愉悦感或缓解效果超过了不良后果，人们就不会停止使用它——因此，有一个普遍的观察结果是，酗酒者直到跌至谷底才会戒酒。然而，等待跌至谷底的发生，对酗酒者及其生活中的重要他人而言，都充满了身体和情感上的风险。作者描述了两种旨在让患者认识到酗酒问题严重性的干预措施。第一种是通过传统的医疗或精神科环境进行。第二种是由患者周围的重要人物共同进行有引导的努力，让患者面对其醉酒的具体细节，以及如果他不接受治疗他们准备在自己生活中做出的改变。作者还描述了在成功干预后要启动的治疗计划。
