Williams J L, Sago A L
Urology. 1983 Dec;22(6):594-6. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90302-3.
The cause of ureteral ectopia in a single nonduplicated system is probably an abnormally high origin of the ureteral bud on the mesonephric duct. In the male patient with vague and unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms, extravesical ureteral ectopia must be considered, especially in prepubertal males with epididymitis and a solitary kidney. Physical examination, seminal vesiculography with delayed films, and voiding cystourethrogram should provide a diagnosis.
单一非重复系统中输尿管异位的原因可能是输尿管芽在中肾管上的起源异常高。对于有模糊且无法解释的下尿路症状的男性患者，必须考虑膀胱外输尿管异位，尤其是患有附睾炎且为单肾的青春期前男性。体格检查、延迟片精囊造影和排尿性膀胱尿道造影应能做出诊断。
