Kunz H, Kaufmann D A
Br J Sports Med. 1983 Sep;17(3):200-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.17.3.200.
Th purpose of this study was to analyse by correlational methods the biomechanical factors involved in achieving the maximal distance thrown in the javelin event. Twelve Swiss decathletes and two world class javelin specialists were filmed by a high speed (102 fps) 16 mm camera throwing a total of 20 trials. The co-ordinates of the resulting cyclograms were processed by a computer programme and the results submitted to correlational analysis. The highest correlation was 0.76 between velocity at release and distance thrown. Other negative correlations were found between distance thrown and angle of the javelin with the horizontal (0.52) and distance thrown and throwing hand to contralateral foot distance during the last strides (0.67). Javelin specialists, who had longer throws than decathletes (mean = 79.03 m versus 54.29 m), had a smaller difference between the angle of attack and angle of release. The results suggest that in order to attain maximal distance thrown the javelin thrower should achieve positive acceleration during the running approach, effective thrusting with th right leg on the penultimate stride and carry the javelin during the last strides at the optimal angle of release (32 to 36 degrees).
本研究的目的是通过相关分析方法，分析标枪项目中实现最大投掷距离所涉及的生物力学因素。用一台高速（102帧/秒）16毫米摄像机对12名瑞士十项全能运动员和2名世界级标枪专家进行拍摄，共进行20次投掷试验。用计算机程序处理所得运动轨迹图的坐标，并将结果进行相关分析。出手速度与投掷距离之间的最高相关性为0.76。还发现投掷距离与标枪与水平方向的夹角（0.52）以及投掷距离与最后几步中投掷手到对侧脚的距离（0.67）之间存在负相关。标枪专家的投掷距离比十项全能运动员长（平均分别为79.03米和54.29米），其攻角与出手角之间的差异较小。结果表明，为了达到最大投掷距离，标枪投掷者应在助跑过程中实现正加速，在倒数第二步用右腿进行有效蹬地，并在最后几步以最佳出手角度（32至36度）持握标枪。
