Hackney J D, Linn W S
Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Oct;52:187-91. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8352187.
In controlled clinical studies, volunteers are deliberately exposed to specific air pollutants under conditions simulating ambient exposures, and health-related responses are documented. Studies of the health risks of air pollution need to be scientifically rigorous and clearly relevant to "real-world" pollution exposures. Their results should be confirmed by independent replication if they are to be used as a basis for air quality regulations. Well-designed controlled clinical studies readily meet these criteria, and complement the other methods of scientific risk assessment--animal toxicology and epidemiology. Clinical studies, toxicology, and epidemiology all have provided important information about air pollution health effects. A better understanding of the interrelationships of findings from these different fields is needed.
在对照临床研究中，志愿者在模拟环境暴露的条件下被有意暴露于特定空气污染物中，并记录与健康相关的反应。空气污染健康风险研究需要科学严谨，且与“现实世界”的污染暴露明显相关。如果要将其结果用作空气质量法规的依据，就应该通过独立重复研究加以证实。精心设计的对照临床研究很容易满足这些标准，并补充科学风险评估的其他方法——动物毒理学和流行病学。临床研究、毒理学和流行病学都提供了有关空气污染对健康影响的重要信息。需要更好地理解这些不同领域研究结果之间的相互关系。
