Sadeghi A, Behmard S
Cancer. 1978 Jul;42(1):353-6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197807)42:1<353::aid-cncr2820420153>3.0.co;2-w.
The sex ratio for cancer of the bladder from hospitalized cases in Southern Iran is estimated to be about nine male per female cases. Differential case ascertainment may account for some of the discrepancy; however, no other major cancer site has a sex ratio of this nature, utilizing the same data. Since industrial carcinogens and other predisposing factors, such as schistosomiasis, are rare, the role of other possible etiologic factors, such as opium addiction, which is predominantly male, were considered and discussed.
据估计，伊朗南部住院病例中膀胱癌的男女比例约为9:1。不同的病例确诊方式可能是造成这种差异的部分原因；然而，利用相同的数据，没有其他主要癌症部位具有这种性质的性别比例。由于工业致癌物和其他诱发因素，如血吸虫病很少见，因此对其他可能的病因因素的作用进行了考虑和讨论，比如主要发生在男性中的鸦片成瘾。
