Sadeghi A, Behmard S, Vesselinovitch S D
Cancer. 1979 Jun;43(6):2315-21. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197906)43:6<2315::aid-cncr2820430622>3.0.co;2-j.
Evidence is presented that opium addition is a risk factor for cancer of the bladder. A case-control study of 99 bladder cancer patients admitted to Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran was evaluated. Cancer patients and controls, matched by age and sex, were analyzed as to their opium and/or cigarette smoking habits. A high correlation between opium addiction and bladder cancer has been observed. This evidence significantly exceeded the one observed in relation to cigarette smoking only. The sex ratio for this cancer site, from hospitalized cases in Southern Iran, is estimated to be about nine male cases per one female case. This high male to female ratio was attributed to the greater addiction of males to opium. It was concluded that opium and, more likely, its pyrolysis derived fractions may represent potential bladder carcinogens in man.
有证据表明，鸦片成瘾是膀胱癌的一个风险因素。对伊朗设拉子内马齐医院收治的99例膀胱癌患者进行了一项病例对照研究并进行评估。按照年龄和性别匹配的癌症患者和对照组，就其鸦片和/或吸烟习惯进行了分析。已观察到鸦片成瘾与膀胱癌之间存在高度相关性。这一证据显著超过了仅与吸烟相关的证据。据估计，来自伊朗南部住院病例的该癌症部位的男女比例约为每1例女性病例对应9例男性病例。这种高男女比例归因于男性对鸦片的更大成瘾性。得出的结论是，鸦片以及更有可能的是其热解衍生馏分可能是人类潜在的膀胱致癌物。
