六价铬和三价铬对海胆受精及发育的影响。

The effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on fertilization and development in sea urchins.

作者信息

Pagano G, Esposito A, Bove P, De Angelis M, Rota A, Giordano G G

出版信息

Environ Res. 1983 Apr;30(2):442-52. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(83)90230-x.

PMID:6682034

Abstract

The action of Cr6+ (as chromate) and Cr3+ (as sulfate and nitrate) on fertilization and development has been investigated in sea urchins. By rearing the embryos in the presence of chromate (5 X 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4) M), the differentiation of the gut and skeleton was severely affected. The treatment of sperm before fertilization with CrO2- 4 (10 to 30 min, 10(-4) to 10(-2) M) resulted in a number of abnormal larvae, depending on the length of exposure and the CrO2- 4 concentration. Morphological and quantitative changes of mitotic activity during cleavage were observed as a result of CrO2- 4 exposure of zygotes, as well as of sperm and egg pretreatment. The exposure of embryos to Cr3+ after fertilization permitted larval differentiation, but affected the motility and hatchability of the embryos. The pretreatment of gametes with Cr3+ never induced larval malformations. Cr3+ exerted a strong depressive action on fertilization by decreasing the fertilizing capacity of sperm and leaving the fertilizability of the eggs almost unaffected.

摘要

已在海胆中研究了六价铬（以铬酸盐形式存在）和三价铬（以硫酸盐和硝酸盐形式存在）对受精和发育的作用。通过在铬酸盐（5×10⁻⁵至5×10⁻⁴M）存在的情况下培养胚胎，肠道和骨骼的分化受到严重影响。受精前用铬酸根离子（CrO₂⁻₄，10至30分钟，10⁻⁴至10⁻²M）处理精子会导致产生许多异常幼虫，这取决于暴露时间和CrO₂⁻₄浓度。由于受精卵、精子和卵子的预处理暴露于CrO₂⁻₄，观察到卵裂期间有丝分裂活性的形态学和定量变化。受精后胚胎暴露于三价铬可使幼虫分化，但会影响胚胎的运动能力和孵化率。用三价铬预处理配子从未诱导幼虫畸形。三价铬通过降低精子的受精能力对受精产生强烈的抑制作用，而几乎不影响卵子的受精能力。