Hanika C, Carlton W W, Tuite J
Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Aug;21(4):487-93. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(83)90107-2.
In three trials, single or multiple doses of citrinin dissolved in 0.5 N-NaOH and adjusted to neutral pH with HCl were given to rabbits by either the oral or intraperitoneal route. The 72-hr LD50 was 50 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal administration and 134 mg/kg by the oral route. The primary clinical sign in rabbits receiving a single oral dose of 125-150 mg citrinin/kg was fluid diarrhoea commencing 8 hr after dosing. Pathological alterations were generally confined to the kidney and consisted of degeneration and necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and straight segments. In rabbits given a single oral dose of citrinin (130 mg/kg) the earliest histopathological change, seen 8 hr after dosing, was cytoplasmic vacuolation of tubular epithelial cells. Rabbits given a single oral dose of 120 mg citrinin/kg had regeneration of renal tubular epithelium accompanied by slight tubular cell necrosis when examined 7 days after dosing. Rabbits given multiple sublethal doses of citrinin (33.5 or 77 mg/kg daily for 7 days) had renal alterations of mild tubular degeneration and necrosis, and tubular regeneration.
在三项试验中，将溶于0.5N - NaOH并用HCl调至中性pH值的桔霉素单剂量或多剂量，通过口服或腹腔注射途径给予兔子。腹腔注射的72小时半数致死剂量（LD50）为50毫克/千克体重，口服途径为134毫克/千克。接受单剂量口服125 - 150毫克桔霉素/千克的兔子的主要临床症状是给药后8小时开始出现水样腹泻。病理改变一般局限于肾脏，包括近端曲管和直段的变性和坏死。给兔子单剂量口服桔霉素（130毫克/千克）后，给药后8小时观察到的最早组织病理学变化是肾小管上皮细胞的细胞质空泡化。给兔子单剂量口服120毫克桔霉素/千克，给药7天后检查发现肾小管上皮细胞再生并伴有轻微的肾小管细胞坏死。给兔子多次给予亚致死剂量的桔霉素（每天33.5或77毫克/千克，共7天），出现轻度肾小管变性、坏死及肾小管再生的肾脏改变。
