Department of Clinical Pathology, Idexx Laboratories, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, UK.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2024 Sep;36(5):638-654. doi: 10.1177/10406387241255945. Epub 2024 May 28.
Mycotoxicoses are usually a consideration in large animal species but can affect companion animals as well. Due to increasing interest and the ease of using rabbits as laboratory models, a growing number of published experimental studies discuss the effects of various mycotoxins on this species. However, the available evidence is fragmented and heterogeneous, and has not recently been collated in a review, to my knowledge. Although mycotoxicoses in rabbits are typically subclinical, clinical signs can include weight loss, anorexia, gastrointestinal disorders, stunted growth, reproductive abnormalities, and susceptibility to infections. An antemortem diagnosis typically relies on a comprehensive clinical history, and assessment of clinical signs and relevant laboratory findings, with confirmation of exposure achieved through the measurement of mycotoxin concentrations in feed or target organs. My review focuses on the clinicopathologic and histopathologic effects of the mycotoxins most important in rabbits, including fumonisins, ochratoxins, aflatoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. This review offers a thorough overview of the effects of mycotoxins in rabbits, serving as a one-stop resource for veterinary practitioners, diagnosticians, and researchers.
霉菌毒素中毒通常是大型动物物种的一个考虑因素,但也会影响伴侣动物。由于人们越来越感兴趣,并且兔子很容易作为实验室模型使用,因此越来越多的已发表的实验研究讨论了各种霉菌毒素对该物种的影响。然而,据我所知,目前的证据是零散和异质的,并且最近没有在综述中进行整理。尽管兔子的霉菌毒素中毒通常是亚临床的,但临床症状可能包括体重减轻、食欲不振、胃肠道疾病、生长迟缓、生殖异常以及易感染。生前诊断通常依赖于全面的临床病史和对临床症状和相关实验室发现的评估,并通过测量饲料或靶器官中的霉菌毒素浓度来确认暴露。我的综述重点介绍了在兔子中最重要的霉菌毒素(包括伏马菌素、赭曲霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素、单端孢霉烯族化合物和玉米赤霉烯酮)的临床病理和组织病理影响。该综述全面概述了霉菌毒素对兔子的影响,为兽医从业者、诊断人员和研究人员提供了一站式资源。