Silverman J S, Silverman J A, Eardley D A
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;41(1):28-30. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790120030005.
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is an inventory of beliefs about life. These beliefs attribute happiness to external events and reflect absolute expectations for one's own behavior and that of others. Such beliefs, according to some cognitive theorists, predispose persons to depression. To test this theory, we administered the DAS to private psychiatric outpatients. Thirty-five patients were tested when they were depressed and again when they were asymptomatic. Dysfunctional thinking was found to be more prominent during depression; this finding implies that the dysfunctional thinking of depressed persons is a symptom of their illness rather than a character trait. Next, we compared DAS scores for recovered depressives with scores for other stabilized psychiatric patients and for normal persons. Bipolar patients demonstrated less maladaptive thinking than all other groups. Only the bipolars showed significantly less maladaptive thinking than the major depressives.
功能失调性态度量表（DAS）是一份关于生活信念的清单。这些信念将幸福归因于外部事件，并反映了对自己和他人行为的绝对期望。根据一些认知理论家的观点，此类信念使个体易患抑郁症。为了验证这一理论，我们对私立精神病门诊患者进行了DAS测试。35名患者在抑郁时接受了测试，在无症状时又再次接受了测试。结果发现，功能失调性思维在抑郁期间更为突出；这一发现表明，抑郁者的功能失调性思维是其疾病的一种症状，而非性格特征。接下来，我们将康复抑郁症患者的DAS得分与其他病情稳定的精神病患者及正常人的得分进行了比较。双相情感障碍患者表现出的适应不良思维比所有其他组都少。只有双相情感障碍患者表现出比重度抑郁症患者明显更少的适应不良思维。
