Christensen S B, Ericsson U B, Janzon L, Tibblin S, Melander A
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Apr;58(4):615-8. doi: 10.1210/jcem-58-4-615.
The possible influence of cigarette smoking on goiter formation, thyroglobulin (Tg) secretion, and thyroid hormone production was assessed by estimations of the presence of palpable goiter and by RIAs of Tg, T3, rT3, T4, and TSH in sera from 441 women (48-53 yr old), representing a normal population included in a study on the prevalence of thyroid disease. Smoking habits were evaluated by a questionnaire, and the women were then classified as never smokers (n = 192), smokers (n = 169), and exsmokers (n = 80). Smokers were subdivided as moderate (1-19 cigarettes/day) and heavy (greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/day). Palpable goiter was found in 15% of the smokers, in contrast to only 4% of the exsmokers and 9% of the never smokers. Among smokers, 37% had serum Tg values over 30 micrograms/liter (third quartile), while such values were found in only 16% of the exsmokers and 18% of the never smokers. In addition, smokers were found to have higher serum T3 and lower rT3 concentrations than never smokers; this difference was most pronounced in heavy smokers. Serum T4 was not different, while TSH was insignificantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Exsmokers did not differ significantly from never smokers in any of these parameters. It seems possible that cigarette smoking may have two, calorigenically opposed, effects on thyroid hormone production; it may be goitrogenic (possibly due to inhaled thiocyanate), but it may also enhance the formation of T3 at the expense of rT3 formation.
通过触诊甲状腺肿大情况以及对441名年龄在48 - 53岁女性血清中的甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、T3、反T3（rT3）、T4和促甲状腺激素（TSH）进行放射免疫分析（RIA），评估吸烟对甲状腺肿形成、Tg分泌及甲状腺激素产生的可能影响。这些女性代表了一项甲状腺疾病患病率研究中的正常人群。通过问卷调查评估吸烟习惯，然后将这些女性分为从不吸烟者（n = 192）、吸烟者（n = 169）和既往吸烟者（n = 80）。吸烟者又细分为中度吸烟者（每天1 - 19支香烟）和重度吸烟者（每天≥20支香烟）。15%的吸烟者可触及甲状腺肿大，相比之下，既往吸烟者中这一比例仅为4%，从不吸烟者为9%。在吸烟者中，37%的人血清Tg值超过30微克/升（第三四分位数），而既往吸烟者和从不吸烟者中这一比例分别仅为16%和18%。此外，发现吸烟者血清T3浓度高于从不吸烟者，rT3浓度低于从不吸烟者；这种差异在重度吸烟者中最为明显。血清T4无差异，吸烟者的TSH略低于非吸烟者。既往吸烟者在这些参数上与从不吸烟者无显著差异。吸烟似乎可能对甲状腺激素产生有两种产热作用相反的影响；它可能是致甲状腺肿的（可能由于吸入硫氰酸盐），但也可能以牺牲rT3形成为代价增强T3的形成。
