Kernodle D S, DiRaimondo C R, Fulkerson W J
South Med J. 1984 Mar;77(3):318-22. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198403000-00013.
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common disorder that is easily recognized and treated. Occasionally reexpansion of the collapsed lung is complicated by unilateral pulmonary edema, heralded by tachypnea, unilateral rales, and profuse expectoration of frothy secretions within several hours of reexpansion. Severe morbidity and death may result. Increased duration of pneumothorax and the use of suction are important factors in the generation of reexpansion pulmonary edema. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability rather than hydrostatic transudation is believed to underlie its development. For patients with pneumothorax of prolonged duration close observation in an intensive care unit for 24 hours after evacuation of air and the routine use of supplemental oxygen during and after lung reexpansion seem indicated.
自发性气胸是一种常见疾病，易于识别和治疗。偶尔，萎陷肺的复张会并发单侧肺水肿，表现为呼吸急促、单侧啰音以及在复张后数小时内咳出大量泡沫状分泌物。这可能导致严重的发病和死亡。气胸持续时间延长和使用负压吸引是导致复张性肺水肿的重要因素。其发病机制被认为是肺毛细血管通透性增加而非静水压性渗出。对于气胸持续时间较长的患者，在排气后于重症监护病房密切观察24小时，并且在肺复张期间及之后常规使用补充氧气似乎是必要的。
