Schwartz J L, Niman C W, Gisel E G
Am J Occup Ther. 1984 Feb;38(2):87-93. doi: 10.5014/ajot.38.2.87.
This study describes tongue movements of normal preschool children during eating, and is the first phase in a long-term project to develop a standardized eating assessment for children. It is hoped eventually to fill the need for an objective measurement tool in pediatric occupational therapy practice. The movements were monitored in 40 children; 20 were 4 years +/- 1 month, and 20 were 5 years +/- 1 month. Each group consisted of 10 boys and 10 girls. Two different tongue positions were quantified: First, as food was presented to the child when the food was 5 cm from the lips; and second, as food was swallowed. Tongue position upon food presentation and upon swallowing was affected by age, sex, and type of food. Both responses showed maturational changes from 4 to 5 years. It is proposed that important maturational changes take place between 4 and 5 years of age, but that adult patterns of swallowing are attained later in development.
本研究描述了正常学龄前儿童进食时的舌头运动，这是一项长期项目的第一阶段，该项目旨在开发一种针对儿童的标准化进食评估方法。最终希望能满足儿科职业治疗实践中对客观测量工具的需求。对40名儿童的舌头运动进行了监测；其中20名儿童年龄为4岁±1个月，另外20名儿童年龄为5岁±1个月。每组由10名男孩和10名女孩组成。对两种不同的舌头位置进行了量化：第一，当食物距离嘴唇5厘米时给儿童呈现食物时的舌头位置；第二，吞咽食物时的舌头位置。食物呈现和吞咽时的舌头位置受年龄、性别和食物类型的影响。两种反应均显示出从4岁到5岁的成熟变化。研究表明，4岁至5岁之间会发生重要的成熟变化，但成人的吞咽模式在发育后期才会形成。
