Gisel E G, Lange L J, Niman C W
Am J Occup Ther. 1984 Oct;38(10):660-5. doi: 10.5014/ajot.38.10.660.
This study describes tongue movements of 4- and 5-year-old Down's syndrome children during eating and then compares the movements to those of age-matched normal children. The study is the second in a long-term project to develop a standardized eating assessment for children. Tongue movements were monitored in 26 children: 14 were 4 years +/- 2 months (8 males, 6 females) and 12 were 5 years +/- 2 months (6 males, 6 females). Two different tongue positions were quantified: 1) as food was presented to the child when the food was 5 cm from the lips; and 2) as food was swallowed. The children's ages and gender along with the type of food affected tongue position on food presentation; however, only the children's ages and gender affected tongue position on swallowing. In general, most tongue positions of Down's syndrome children were characterized by 1) a forward placement of the tongue in the mouth, and 2) the absence of the maturational changes in normal children of the same age.
本研究描述了4岁和5岁唐氏综合征儿童进食时的舌头运动，然后将这些运动与年龄匹配的正常儿童的运动进行比较。该研究是为儿童开发标准化进食评估的长期项目中的第二项研究。对26名儿童的舌头运动进行了监测：14名儿童年龄为4岁±2个月（8名男性，6名女性），12名儿童年龄为5岁±2个月（6名男性，6名女性）。对两种不同的舌头位置进行了量化：1）当食物距离嘴唇5厘米时呈现给儿童；2）当食物被吞咽时。儿童的年龄和性别以及食物类型会影响食物呈现时的舌头位置；然而，只有儿童的年龄和性别会影响吞咽时的舌头位置。一般来说，唐氏综合征儿童的大多数舌头位置的特点是：1）舌头在口腔中的向前放置，以及2）同龄正常儿童不存在成熟变化。
