Schwaab L M, Niman C W, Gisel E G
Am J Occup Ther. 1986 Mar;40(3):180-5. doi: 10.5014/ajot.40.3.180.
In this study, tongue movements of normal 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children were measured and compared. The 4-year-olds were also compared with 4-year-old children in a previous study (Schwartz J: Observation of Tongue and Jaw Movement in Normal Four- and Five-Year-Old Children, master's thesis. Washington University, School of Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO, 1982). Measures were taken on 56 children: 17 two-year-olds (8 females, 9 males), 19 three-year-olds (10 females, 9 males), and 20 four-year-olds (10 females, 10 males). Two different tongue positions were quantified: First, the position of the tongue as the food was presented to the child at the moment when the food was 5 cm away from the lips and second, the position of the tongue as the food was swallowed. Younger children held their tongues in a more forward position when the food was presented, although the predominant tongue position was behind the teeth in all three age groups. During swallowing there was also a progression, as age increased, from pursing the lips to puckering at the corners of the mouth. Many children kept their mouth open during swallowing. These results provide further normative data for the assessment of eating-impaired children.
在本研究中，对正常的2岁、3岁和4岁儿童的舌运动进行了测量和比较。4岁儿童还与之前一项研究中的4岁儿童进行了比较（施瓦茨J：《正常4岁和5岁儿童舌与颌运动的观察》，硕士论文。华盛顿大学职业治疗学院，密苏里州圣路易斯，1982年）。对56名儿童进行了测量：17名2岁儿童（8名女性，9名男性），19名3岁儿童（10名女性，9名男性），以及20名4岁儿童（10名女性，10名男性）。对两种不同的舌位置进行了量化：第一，当食物距离嘴唇5厘米时给儿童喂食时舌的位置；第二，食物吞咽时舌的位置。在喂食时，年龄较小的儿童会将舌头保持在更靠前的位置，尽管在所有三个年龄组中，舌的主要位置都在牙齿后方。在吞咽过程中，随着年龄的增长，也有一个从撅嘴到嘴角起皱的过程。许多儿童在吞咽时会张着嘴。这些结果为评估饮食障碍儿童提供了更多的标准数据。
