Colvez A, Robine J M, Michel E
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1984;32(1):3-9.
Professional home help services (aide- menag ère) in France is one of the principal means to permit the disabled elderly to remain at home. For this reason, an evaluative study was conducted on existent needs of the inhabitants of one region: Upper-Normandy. The authors considered both demand and effective need among people concerned. At the time of the study (1979), 4.2% of the population 65 and older were beneficiaries of the service. The proportion of those who would have desired the service was then 14.7%--or 3.5 times higher. But the study of effective need provided a very different perspective: it concerned those unable to perform household tasks and also having no possibilities of help from the immediate family. If home assistance were limited to those not bedridden, having restricted ability to perform household tasks, and living alone, it would affect 17% of the elderly and would require 64,000 hours weekly, against 43,000 provided at the time of the survey. If other tasks were included (personal hygiene care, or care of the bedridden or of those unable to go out), the service would affect 24% of the population and would require 153,000 hours weekly. Based on the criteria applied, it appears that 20% of the service goes to those without effective need. Also, almost two-thirds of those needing the service state that they do not want it. The development of home help services in France must be considered in the framework of a global planning process of all services designed to enable the dependent elderly to remain at home.
在法国，专业居家帮助服务（家政服务）是使残疾老年人能够居家养老的主要方式之一。因此，针对上诺曼底这一地区居民的现有需求开展了一项评估研究。作者同时考虑了相关人群的需求和实际需求。在研究开展之时（1979年），65岁及以上的人口中有4.2%是该服务的受益者。当时希望获得该服务的人群比例为14.7%，即高出3.5倍。但对实际需求的研究提供了一个截然不同的视角：实际需求涉及那些无法完成家务且无法从直系亲属处获得帮助的人群。如果居家援助仅限于那些未卧床、做家务能力受限且独居的老人，那么将惠及17%的老年人，每周需要64000小时的服务，而调查时提供的服务时长为43000小时。如果纳入其他任务（个人卫生护理，或对卧床者或无法外出者的护理），该服务将惠及24%的人口，每周需要153000小时。根据所采用的标准，似乎有20%的服务提供给了没有实际需求的人群。此外，几乎三分之二需要该服务的人表示他们并不想要。法国居家帮助服务的发展必须在旨在使依赖他人照顾的老年人能够居家养老的所有服务的整体规划进程框架内加以考虑。
