Reiter C
Z Rechtsmed. 1984;91(4):295-308. doi: 10.1007/BF02332323.
Fifty-three clusters of blowfly eggs of the genus Calliphora vicina were observed in the laboratory up to the hatching stage under reproducible and virtually field-like conditions. Rearing the larvae was then continued up to pupation, the larval growth in length being recorded several times a day. As the object was to study the dependence of the larvae increase in length on the temperature conditions in vitro, the substratal humidity and food supply were kept unchanged during the entire study. The temperature ranged from 6.5 degrees C to 35 degrees C, with the temperature for the individual cluster kept constant during the entire developmental process. Data on about 5500 measured larvae were statistically evaluated. The basic result established was that in the case of the blowfly of the genus Calliphora vicina in vivo, all developmental stages relevant to the entomologic determination of the time of death depend on the temperature conditions: (1) the duration of the egg stage increases with decreasing temperature; (2) the speed of larval growth is slower at lower temperatures; (3) the maximal larval length is reached earlier at higher temperatures; (4) the mean value of maximal length decreases with increasing temperature; (5) larvae under all temperature conditions decrease in size after having reached their maximal length, the decrease in length being more rapid at higher temperatures; (6) constant temperatures over 30 degrees C lead to "stunted forms" which do not pupate and die; (7) constant temperatures under approximately 16 degrees C after the peak of growth has been reached inhibit the readiness to pupate, which causes the larvae to fall into a stationary state of rest, which will be interrupted only when the temperature is raised and resumption of the metamorphosis is thus induced. To allow rapid reconstruction of the larval age in general practice, the established growth data were set out in the form of a diagram designated isomegalendiagram, which permits temperature-fluctuation-related entomologic determination of the time of death with a maximum degree of accuracy.
在可重现且近乎野外的条件下，在实验室中观察了53团近邻厕蝇的蝇卵直至孵化阶段。随后继续饲养幼虫直至化蛹，每天多次记录幼虫的体长增长情况。由于目的是研究幼虫体长增加对体外温度条件的依赖性，所以在整个研究过程中，基质湿度和食物供应保持不变。温度范围为6.5摄氏度至35摄氏度，每个卵团的温度在整个发育过程中保持恒定。对约5500条测量幼虫的数据进行了统计评估。确立的基本结果是，对于近邻厕蝇属的蝇类在体内而言，所有与昆虫学确定死亡时间相关的发育阶段均取决于温度条件：(1)卵期持续时间随温度降低而增加；(2)较低温度下幼虫生长速度较慢；(3)较高温度下更早达到最大幼虫体长；(4)最大体长的平均值随温度升高而降低；(5)所有温度条件下的幼虫在达到最大体长后都会变小，在较高温度下体长减小更快；(6)超过30摄氏度的恒定温度会导致“发育不良形态”，无法化蛹并死亡；(7)在生长高峰期后约16摄氏度以下的恒定温度会抑制化蛹准备，导致幼虫进入静止休息状态，只有当温度升高并因此诱导变态恢复时才会被打断。为了在一般实践中能够快速重建幼虫年龄，已将既定的生长数据整理成一种名为等大生长图的图表形式，该图表允许与温度波动相关的昆虫学死亡时间测定达到最高准确度。
