Sandler D P, Wilcox A J, Horney L F
Am J Epidemiol. 1984 May;119(5):765-74. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113797.
A woman's age at menarche may be related to later reproductive performance, including age at first birth and risk of spontaneous abortion. This paper presents data from 2062 women with 4477 pregnancies in the Menstrual and Reproductive Health Study, a prospective study which has been in progress since 1935. Age at menarche is directly related to the age at which a woman marries and conceive a first child, but is unrelated to total fertility, frequency of induced abortion, or risk of stillbirth. Women with either early or late menarche are significantly more likely to have had an ectopic pregnancy. Overall spontaneous abortion risk declines slightly with increasing age at menarche. This trend is not seen, however, when first pregnancies alone are considered. This suggests that the overall trend with age at menarche is not related to a woman's underlying spontaneous abortion risk but rather to unknown selective factors. Women who were very young (less than 11 years) at menarche differ from the others with regard to many measures of reproductive performance. However, these women represent only a small proportion of the total study group.
女性初潮年龄可能与后期生殖表现有关，包括首次生育年龄和自然流产风险。本文呈现了月经与生殖健康研究中2062名女性、4477次妊娠的数据，该前瞻性研究自1935年起开展。初潮年龄与女性结婚并生育头胎的年龄直接相关，但与总生育力、人工流产频率或死产风险无关。初潮过早或过晚的女性发生宫外孕的可能性显著更高。随着初潮年龄增加，总体自然流产风险略有下降。然而，仅考虑首次妊娠时，未观察到这种趋势。这表明初潮年龄的总体趋势与女性潜在的自然流产风险无关，而是与未知的选择因素有关。初潮时年龄非常小（小于11岁）的女性在许多生殖表现指标上与其他女性不同。然而，这些女性在整个研究组中仅占一小部分。
