Iwamori M, Shimomura J, Tsuyuhara S, Nagai Y
J Biochem. 1984 Mar;95(3):761-70. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134667.
Gangliosides were extracted from various tissues of rat (Wistar strain, male, 3 months old) and their structures were elucidated by enzymatic and chemical procedures including the analysis by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. All tissues analyzed contained gangliosides in various but characteristic concentrations. GD1a was detected in the various extraneural tissues (erythrocytes, buffy coat, bone marrow, testis, spleen, and liver) in amounts corresponding to more than 30% of total lipid-bound sialic acid, and surprisingly, it was the sole ganglioside found in buffy coat. The extraneural tissues were classified into several categories according to the nature of the asialo-oligosaccharides of gangliosides as follows: (1) gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose were exclusively present (buffy coat and erythrocytes), (2) the concentration of ganglio-N-tetraose-containing gangliosides was higher than that of lactose-containing gangliosides (testis and bone marrow), (3) ganglio-N-tetraose-containing gangliosides amounted to 25-30% of lactose-containing gangliosides (liver and spleen), (4) ganglio-N-tetraose-containing gangliosides amounted to 7-11% of lactose-containing gangliosides (lung and stomach), (5) more than 90% of gangliosides were lactose-containing gangliosides (heart, intestine, and kidney). In addition, the following gangliosides were characteristically detected in high concentration in the following tissues: GM4 in kidney. GM2 in bone marrow, fucosyl GM1 and GM1 in erythrocytes and GM3 with 2-hydroxy fatty acid, phytosphingosine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid in intestine.
从大鼠（Wistar品系，雄性，3月龄）的各种组织中提取神经节苷脂，并通过酶法和化学方法，包括负离子快原子轰击质谱分析来阐明其结构。所有分析的组织都含有不同但具有特征性浓度的神经节苷脂。在各种神经外组织（红细胞、血沉棕黄层、骨髓、睾丸、脾脏和肝脏）中检测到GD1a，其含量相当于总脂质结合唾液酸的30%以上，令人惊讶的是，它是血沉棕黄层中发现的唯一神经节苷脂。根据神经节苷脂去唾液酸寡糖的性质，将神经外组织分为以下几类：（1）仅存在含有神经节-N-四糖的神经节苷脂（血沉棕黄层和红细胞），（2）含神经节-N-四糖的神经节苷脂浓度高于含乳糖的神经节苷脂（睾丸和骨髓），（3）含神经节-N-四糖的神经节苷脂占含乳糖神经节苷脂的25%-30%（肝脏和脾脏），（4）含神经节-N-四糖的神经节苷脂占含乳糖神经节苷脂的7%-11%（肺和胃），（5）超过90%的神经节苷脂是含乳糖的神经节苷脂（心脏、肠道和肾脏）。此外，在以下组织中还特异地检测到以下高浓度的神经节苷脂：肾脏中的GM4、骨髓中的GM2、红细胞中的岩藻糖基GM1和GM1，以及肠道中的带有2-羟基脂肪酸、植物鞘氨醇和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸的GM3。
