Gaunder B N, Winkle D
Nurse Pract. 1984 May;9(5):17-20.
Anaphylaxis is the sudden, life-threatening reaction to an antigen. It generally results from the injection of a potent antigen. However, it may be caused by the inhalation or ingestion of any antigen or allergen as well. Although anaphylaxis may occur after a single exposure to an antigen, it usually occurs after repeated exposures. There is general agreement that the sooner it occurs after exposure to the antigen, the more likely it is that the reaction will be severe. The focus of this article will be on the management and prevention of immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis) induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE) or type I. Since anaphylaxis is often iatrogenic, every practitioner has a responsibility to prevent this hypersensitive state from occurring. When it does happen, prompt recognition and treatment can be lifesaving. Management needs to be initiated quickly whenever anaphylaxis seems imminent.
过敏反应是对一种抗原的突然的、危及生命的反应。它通常由注射强效抗原引起。然而，它也可能由吸入或摄入任何抗原或过敏原引起。虽然过敏反应可能在单次接触抗原后发生，但通常在反复接触后出现。人们普遍认为，接触抗原后发生得越早，反应就越有可能严重。本文的重点将是由免疫球蛋白E（IgE）或I型引起的速发型超敏反应（过敏反应）的管理和预防。由于过敏反应往往是医源性的，每位从业者都有责任防止这种超敏状态的发生。当它确实发生时，迅速识别和治疗可以挽救生命。每当过敏反应似乎即将发生时，都需要迅速开始管理。
