Ellison G D, Potthoff A D
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1984;2:17-36. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4661-6_2.
Although certain social environments clearly facilitate alcohol intake in humans, the role of social factors in alcohol consumption by animals is less clear. While social housing conditions such as crowding and isolation increase alcohol consumption in animals, in both cases this is mediated by heightened stress. Increases in social tension increase alcohol consumption in social groups of animals, but the literature is extremely variable in reports of how dominance correlates with alcohol consumption. Alcohol administration has biphasic effects on social behavior of animals similar to its biphasic effects on activity levels. We report a novel, social animal model of alcoholism. Rats raised over prolonged periods in highly enriched, social colony environments develop a variety of rhythms of alcohol consumption. But in each colony, only a few animals develop into extreme overconsumers of alcohol, and the proportion of colony-housed animals that develop such excessive alcohol -consumption habits is similar to the proportion of humans with alcohol problems. These overconsumers of alcohol from a rat colony show a variety of alterations in behavior, including chronic inactivity and low dominance standing. They represent a novel, voluntary animal model of social alcoholism.
虽然某些社会环境显然会促进人类饮酒，但社会因素在动物酒精消费中的作用尚不清楚。虽然拥挤和隔离等群居条件会增加动物的酒精摄入量，但在这两种情况下，这都是由压力增加介导的。社会紧张程度的增加会增加动物社会群体中的酒精摄入量，但关于支配地位与酒精消费之间的相关性，文献报道差异极大。酒精给药对动物的社会行为有双相影响，类似于其对活动水平的双相影响。我们报告了一种新型的酒精中毒社会动物模型。长时间饲养在高度丰富的群居环境中的大鼠会形成多种酒精消费节奏。但在每个群体中，只有少数动物会发展成为极端酗酒者，群居动物中养成这种过度饮酒习惯的比例与有酒精问题的人类比例相似。这些来自大鼠群体的酗酒者表现出各种行为改变，包括长期不活动和低支配地位。它们代表了一种新型的社会酒精中毒自愿动物模型。
