Crick M J, Simmonds J R
Sci Total Environ. 1984 May 1;35(3):227-38. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(84)90005-6.
In performing assessments of the radiological impact of releases of radioactive materials to the environment, mathematical models are required to enable the transfer through various parts of the environment and hence the dose to man to be predicted. The nature of the models and their degree of complexity depend largely upon the particular applications in which they are to be used. Two types of model of differing degrees of complexity for predicting the transfer of strontium, caesium and iodine in cattle have been developed at NRPB . They form part of a general model for the transfer of radionuclides through terrestrial foodchains . The first is a relatively simple model based on the use of equilibrium transfer factors, while the second is an improved but more complex model which incorporates the extra features necessary to provide a reasonable representation of the time dependence of transfer to milk and to meat. Comparisons of the results using the two types of model in some situations of radiological interest have been performed. From these comparisons conclusions have been drawn about the adequacy and pertinence of the use of each model type in different situations.
在评估放射性物质向环境释放的辐射影响时，需要数学模型来实现其在环境各部分的转移，从而预测对人体的剂量。模型的性质及其复杂程度在很大程度上取决于其具体应用。国家辐射防护委员会已开发出两种不同复杂程度的模型，用于预测牛体内锶、铯和碘的转移。它们构成了放射性核素通过陆地食物链转移的通用模型的一部分。第一种是基于平衡转移因子使用的相对简单的模型，而第二种是经过改进但更复杂的模型，它纳入了为合理表示向牛奶和肉类转移的时间依赖性所需的额外特征。已对在某些具有辐射学意义的情况下使用这两种模型的结果进行了比较。通过这些比较，得出了关于每种模型类型在不同情况下使用的充分性和相关性的结论。
