Clement U, Schmidt G, Kruse M
Arch Sex Behav. 1984 Apr;13(2):99-120. doi: 10.1007/BF01542145.
In 1966, at the start of the student movement and the sexual liberalization process, we studied the sexual behavior and attitudes of 3,666 male and female students from 12 West German universities by mailed questionnaires. In 1981 we replicated this study with 1,922 students from 13 universities (10 the same as 1966, 3 founded after 1966). In both studies the students were selected at random. Results of these comparative studies are presented with a view to the changes in sex differences. Sex differences in masturbation behavior have considerably decreased since 1966; masturbation is nonetheless still the form of sexual behavior with the most striking differences between the sexes. The sex differences in coital behavior are now reversed, female students being earlier and more active than males. As regards the tendency to change partners or for sexual relations outside a steady relationship, the differences between men and women have disappeared. In their attitudes to sexuality, female students in 1981 are somewhat more liberal than their male counterparts, whereas hardly any difference could be found in 1966. These changes in sex differences are observed in all subsamples, i.e., in young and old, in strictly religious and nonreligious students, and in students from both upper- and lower-class backgrounds (educational level of parents).
1966年，在学生运动和性解放进程开始之际，我们通过邮寄问卷的方式，对西德12所大学的3666名男女学生的性行为和态度进行了研究。1981年，我们对13所大学的1922名学生重复了这项研究（其中10所与1966年相同，3所是1966年之后成立的）。在这两项研究中，学生都是随机选取的。现将这些比较研究的结果呈现出来，以观察性别差异的变化。自1966年以来，手淫行为中的性别差异已大幅减少；不过，手淫仍是两性之间差异最为显著的性行为形式。性交行为中的性别差异现已逆转，女学生比男学生更早开始且更活跃。在更换伴侣或在稳定关系之外发生性关系的倾向方面，男女之间的差异已经消失。在对性的态度上，1981年的女学生比男学生更为开放，而在1966年几乎没有发现差异。在所有子样本中都观察到了这些性别差异的变化，即在年轻和年长的学生中、在严格宗教信仰和无宗教信仰的学生中，以及在来自上层和下层社会背景（父母教育水平）的学生中。
