Yousef M K, Dill D B, Vitez T S, Hillyard S D, Goldman A S
J Gerontol. 1984 Jul;39(4):406-14. doi: 10.1093/geronj/39.4.406.
Sixty-nine whites (38 men and 31 women) aged 17 to 88 years and 48 blacks (19 men and 29 women) aged 17 to 61 years were studied. Each person walked in desert heat for 1 hour at a rate requiring 40% of aerobic capacity. Observations were recorded on their rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and sweat rate (SR). Older men and women of both races were able to complete their walks without any ill effects. Age, per se, did not significantly reduce elderly individuals' ability to tolerate the combined stress of dry heat and exercise. Men of both races had higher sweat rate and lower heart rate and rectal and skin temperature than women working at the same percentage of aerobic capacity. Success of thermoregulation at 40% of aerobic capacity of blacks and whites was equal, but in both races men thermoregulated more successful than women. Our data suggest that thermoregulatory capacity of humans under desert conditions differs between sexes and is not influenced significantly by age or race except for differences in aerobic capacity.
研究对象包括69名年龄在17至88岁的白人（38名男性和31名女性）以及48名年龄在17至61岁的黑人（19名男性和29名女性）。每个人以达到有氧能力40%的速率在沙漠高温环境中行走1小时。记录他们的直肠温度（Tre）、皮肤温度（Tsk）、心率（HR）、血压和出汗率（SR）。两个种族的老年男性和女性都能够完成行走且没有任何不良影响。年龄本身并没有显著降低老年人耐受干热和运动综合应激的能力。在相同有氧能力百分比下工作时，两个种族的男性出汗率更高，心率、直肠温度和皮肤温度更低。黑人与白人在有氧能力40%时的体温调节成功率相当，但在两个种族中男性的体温调节都比女性更成功。我们的数据表明，在沙漠条件下，人类的体温调节能力存在性别差异，除了有氧能力的差异外，年龄和种族对其影响不显著。
