Shiffman S, Jarvik M E
Addict Behav. 1984;9(1):95-8. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(84)90012-1.
Nicotine's paradoxical effects on arousal and mood are poorly understood. An experiment by Nesbitt suggested that smokers behave more relaxed as their smoking-induced physiological arousal increases. The present study attempted to replicate Nesbitt's Paradox. In smoking and sham-smoking sessions, 10 smokers were administered a series of progressively stronger electric shocks. Pain thresholds and MAACL Anxiety scores measured emotional arousal while heart rate increases served as indices of physiological arousal. All measurements were taken automatically in order to minimize experimenter-subject interaction. Smoking increased heart rate but had no effect on thresholds or MAACL scores. Emotional and physiological arousal showed a significant positive relationship (r = .65), contradicting Nesbitt's report of an inverse relationship. This suggests that Nesbitt's Paradox may not be a robust phenomenon.
尼古丁对唤醒和情绪的矛盾影响目前还知之甚少。内斯比特的一项实验表明，吸烟者在吸烟引起的生理唤醒增加时表现得更加放松。本研究试图重现内斯比特悖论。在吸烟和假吸烟环节中，对10名吸烟者施加了一系列强度逐渐增加的电击。疼痛阈值和MAACL焦虑分数用于测量情绪唤醒，而心率增加作为生理唤醒的指标。所有测量均自动进行，以尽量减少实验者与受试者之间的互动。吸烟会使心率增加，但对阈值或MAACL分数没有影响。情绪唤醒和生理唤醒呈显著正相关（r = 0.65），这与内斯比特报告的负相关关系相矛盾。这表明内斯比特悖论可能不是一个普遍存在的现象。
