Spotts J V, Shontz F C
Int J Addict. 1984 May;19(3):295-326. doi: 10.3109/10826088409057183.
Empirically derived descriptions of experiential states, induced by heavy, chronic consumption of drugs, provide valuable information for treatment personnel as well as for scientists studying drug abuse or pharmacology. A 7-year program of research has studied persons committed to heavy, long-term use of several prominent substances of abuse. This report results from that research and provides a phenomenological description of the psychological state induced by heavy, chronic use of barbiturates and sedative-hypnotics. Interview, Q-sort and semantic differential data indicate the barbiturate state is intensely unpleasant: a state in which users lose desired characteristics, take on undesired characteristics, engage in self-destructive acts, and emerge in worse condition than before entering it. Explaining why people choose to enter such a state is difficult. Several theoretical alternatives for doing so are considered. Psychotherapy with these individuals must deal with the theme of abandonment/rejection that permeates their lives and with the diffuse hostility, expectations of failure and defeat, self-destructive tendencies, and feelings of hopelessness that they display. Suggestions are presented for treatment of individual cases.
由长期大量吸毒引发的经验状态的实证性描述，为治疗人员以及研究药物滥用或药理学的科学家提供了有价值的信息。一项为期7年的研究项目，对长期大量使用几种主要滥用药物的人群进行了研究。本报告源于该研究，对长期大量使用巴比妥类药物和镇静催眠药所引发的心理状态进行了现象学描述。访谈、Q分类法和语义差异数据表明，巴比妥类药物状态极其令人不适：处于这种状态的使用者会失去理想的特质，呈现出不理想的特质，做出自我毁灭的行为，且相较于进入该状态之前，状况变得更糟。要解释人们为何选择进入这样一种状态很困难。文中考虑了几种对此进行解释的理论选项。对这些个体进行心理治疗时，必须应对贯穿他们生活的被抛弃/被拒绝主题，以及他们所表现出的弥漫性敌意、对失败的预期、自我毁灭倾向和绝望感。文中还针对个别案例的治疗提出了建议。
