Spotts J V, Shontz F C
Int J Addict. 1984 Apr;19(2):119-51. doi: 10.3109/10826088409057173.
The ego state experienced by chronic users of cocaine is described in terms of sensorimotor functioning, cognitive functioning, emotionality, spatiality , temporality , causality, and materiality . At low use levels the state is pleasurable, but at high levels fear, anxiety, and paranoia increase, and ultimately reality contact breaks down. Q-sort, Semantic Differential, and other data suggest that low-level users take cocaine to overcome personal insecurities and relieve boredom. Heavy users take it to support overvaulting ambitions and intense strivings for self-sufficiency. Psychotherapy with such persons must deal with their counterdependency , anger, and despair, and with their underlying sense of betrayal . These persons have unacknowledged needs for spiritual experience that must be dealt with openly. A description of persons most vulnerable to heavy use of cocaine is provided, and recommendations for research and social policy are presented.
可卡因长期使用者所经历的自我状态，是根据感觉运动功能、认知功能、情绪、空间性、时间性、因果关系和物质性来描述的。在低使用水平时，这种状态是愉悦的，但在高使用水平时，恐惧、焦虑和偏执会增加，最终与现实的联系会瓦解。Q分类法、语义差异法和其他数据表明，低水平使用者吸食可卡因是为了克服个人不安全感和缓解无聊。重度使用者吸食可卡因是为了支持过高的抱负和对自给自足的强烈追求。对这类人的心理治疗必须处理他们的反依赖、愤怒和绝望，以及他们潜在的被背叛感。这些人对精神体验有着未被承认的需求，必须公开加以处理。本文提供了最易重度使用可卡因人群的描述，并提出了研究和社会政策建议。
