Shaw C D
J R Soc Med. 1984 Jul;77(7):567-71. doi: 10.1177/014107688407700709.
The perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was calculated for each rural parish in Gloucestershire for the years 1968-79. The characteristics of high- and low-rate parishes (each set comprising about 10% of all births) were contrasted according to routinely recorded fetal, maternal and environmental variables. The overall PNMR in the high-rate set was six times higher than in the low-rate set; congenital malformations and low birth weight distribution could explain about one-third of this difference but the residue was not attributable to fetal gestation, maternal age or parity or social class as may have been expected. However, there was a strong association with population and housing density. It is suggested that comparisons within districts may provide more sensitive associations with PNMR than comparisons between districts, regions and countries.
计算了1968年至1979年间格洛斯特郡每个乡村教区的围产期死亡率（PNMR）。根据常规记录的胎儿、母亲和环境变量，对比了高死亡率教区和低死亡率教区（每组约占所有出生人数的10%）的特征。高死亡率组的总体PNMR比低死亡率组高六倍；先天性畸形和低出生体重分布可以解释这种差异的约三分之一，但其余部分并不像预期的那样归因于胎儿孕周、母亲年龄、胎次或社会阶层。然而，与人口和住房密度存在强烈关联。有人认为，与地区间、区域间和国家间的比较相比，地区内的比较可能与PNMR有更敏感的关联。
