Role of norepinephrine in regulating the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons.

Previous studies have yielded conflicting results concerning the role of noradrenergic afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating the activity of serotonergic neurons. In the present study, we recorded the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons in mouse brain slices in vitro under the following conditions: (a) no treatment, (b) phenylephrine added to the incubation medium, (c) in tissue obtained from mice that were anesthetized with halothane, (d) same condition as c, with phenylephrine added to the incubation medium, and (e) same as condition c, with the addition of bicuculline to the incubation medium. The data revealed that the neurons recorded with no treatment exhibited a spontaneous discharge rate of 3.40 +/- 0.29 spikes/sec and a cell/tract ratio of 1.15, while cells recorded from tissue slices obtained from halothane anesthetized mice exhibited a discharge rate of 2.01 +/- 0.27 spikes/sec and a cell/track ratio of 0.58. Addition of phenylephrine to the incubation media in slices obtained from anesthetized mice increased both the discharge rate (4.23 +/- 0.30 spikes/sec) and cell/tract ratio (1.28). Similarly, addition of bicuculline to the incubation media increased both the discharge rate (4.09 +/- 0.46 spikes/sec) and cell/tract ratio (1.21) in mouse brain slices obtained from anesthetized animals. Thus, we conclude that a noradrenergic input (which is removed in the tissue slice preparation) is not necessary to maintain the spontaneous activity of serotonergic dorsal raphe units. Halothane anesthesia depressed the activity of these neurons, presumably by releasing GABA from interneurons. Finally, while dorsal raphe neurons are not dependent upon an excitatory noradrenergic input to maintain their spontaneous activity, these neurons can be excited by noradrenergic afferents under certain conditions.