Lipsky B A, Goldberger A C, Tompkins L S, Plorde J J
Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Nov-Dec;4(6):1220-35. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.6.1220.
After decades of confusion about their microbiologic classification and clinical significance, the nondiphtheria corynebacteria have emerged as important pathogens. Although isolation of these organisms may represent contamination with skin flora, several species, including Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Corynebacterium ovis), Corynebacterium haemolyticum, Corynebacterium pseudodiptheriticum, Corynebacterium equi, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium xerosis, and corynebacteria of group JK, clearly cause disease in humans. Most of these organisms infect animals, which are the source of human infection with some species. Some nondiptheria species of Corynebacterium produce recognizable clinical syndromes such as granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, cutaneous infections, and, most commonly, endocarditis. Certain species infect healthy hosts, while others predominantly attack immunocompromised individuals. Several species produce toxins, including a diphtheria-like toxin, a dermonecrotic toxin, and a soluble hemolysin. A microbiologic scheme of identification of the genus Corynebacterium and its major defined species is presented.
在经历了数十年对其微生物分类和临床意义的困惑之后，非白喉棒状杆菌已成为重要的病原体。尽管分离出这些微生物可能代表着皮肤菌群的污染，但包括溃疡棒状杆菌、假结核棒状杆菌（羊棒状杆菌）、溶血棒状杆菌、假白喉棒状杆菌、马棒状杆菌、牛棒状杆菌、干燥棒状杆菌以及JK组棒状杆菌在内的几种菌种，显然会导致人类疾病。这些微生物中的大多数感染动物，而动物是人类感染某些菌种的源头。一些棒状杆菌属的非白喉菌种会引发可识别的临床综合征，如肉芽肿性淋巴结炎、肺炎、咽炎、皮肤感染，最常见的是心内膜炎。某些菌种感染健康宿主，而其他菌种则主要侵袭免疫功能低下的个体。几种菌种会产生毒素，包括一种类似白喉的毒素、一种皮肤坏死毒素和一种可溶性溶血素。本文介绍了棒状杆菌属及其主要特定菌种的微生物鉴定方案。
