Johanson C E
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980 Feb;67(2):189-94. doi: 10.1007/BF00431976.
Responding was maintained under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of intravenous cocaine (six monkeys) or pentobarbital (two monkeys) delivery during a daily 3 h session. When responding was stable, intravenous doses of procaine (0.05--3.2 mg/kg), chloroprocaine (0.05--3.2 mg/kg), proparacaine (0.01--0.4 mg/kg), or saline were substituted for the cocaine or pentobarbital for six to ten sessions. Between each substitution, responding was again maintained by cocaine or pentobarbital. Procaine and chloroprocaine maintained rates of responding exceeding saline levels in all monkeys tested, with maximum rates generated by 0.2 mg/kg. Daily intake in mg/kg increased 3--10 times a dose was increased from 0.1 to 3.2 mg/kg per infusion. Within each session, there were periods of continuous responding resulting in multiple infusions, separated by intervals of no responding of varying duration. Nevertheless, the number of infusions occurring in each of the six 30 min periods was relatively constant for both drugs. Responding maintained by proparacaine was similar or slightly above that maintained by saline except at one dose (0.025 mg/kg) in one monkey. No signs of toxicity were observed with any of the drugs. These results indicate that procaine and chloroprocaine are strong positive reinforcers but that proparacaine has minimal reinforcing properties.
在每天3小时的实验时段内，反应通过静脉注射可卡因（6只猴子）或戊巴比妥（2只猴子）的固定比例10程序来维持。当反应稳定后，静脉注射剂量的普鲁卡因（0.05 - 3.2毫克/千克）、氯普鲁卡因（0.05 - 3.2毫克/千克）、丙美卡因（0.01 - 0.4毫克/千克）或生理盐水替代可卡因或戊巴比妥，持续进行6至10个实验时段。在每次替代之间，反应再次通过可卡因或戊巴比妥来维持。在所有测试的猴子中，普鲁卡因和氯普鲁卡因维持的反应速率超过生理盐水水平，0.2毫克/千克产生最大反应速率。每千克每日摄入量在每输注剂量从0.1毫克/千克增加到3.2毫克/千克时增加了3至10倍。在每个实验时段内，存在连续反应导致多次输注的时期，其间穿插着不同时长的无反应间隔。然而，两种药物在六个30分钟时段中每个时段的输注次数相对恒定。丙美卡因维持的反应与生理盐水维持的反应相似或略高于生理盐水维持的反应，但有一只猴子在一个剂量（0.025毫克/千克）时除外。未观察到任何药物的毒性迹象。这些结果表明，普鲁卡因和氯普鲁卡因是强效正性强化物，但丙美卡因的强化特性最小。
