Chittleborough G
Sci Total Environ. 1980 Jan;14(1):53-75. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(80)90126-6.
With the comparatively recent development of analytical techniques of great power and sensitivity, the significance of the levels of trace elements in human hair has attracted the attention of many disciplines including the environmental sciences. This paper presents the view that an agreed basis for the chemical analysis of trace elements in hair has not been established by the many workers in the field; a chemical basis is proposed here. Levels of 37 trace elements found in human hair are tabulated. Endogenous and exogenous sources of such trace elements are described and discussed. An extended review of the many pre-analysis treatments of hair (for the removal of exogenous elements) is presented. Twenty-four representative treatments are tabulated. Some of these treatments clearly removed significant fractions of endogenous elements along with exogenous elements. It is clear that method of cleaning have frequently been chosen without knowing enough about the basic chemistry and behaviour of the hair shaft. The significance of the results obtained cannot therefore be reliably assessed. A collation of recent literature reports leads to the tentative conclusion that disulphide bonds in the cuticular proteins of hair are major sites both for the deposition of metals during formation of hair and for interaction with exogenous elements. The feasibility of a holistic, no-wash policy for hair analysis is outlined and supported.
随着具有强大功能和高灵敏度的分析技术在近期的发展，人发中微量元素水平的重要性已引起包括环境科学在内的许多学科的关注。本文提出这样一种观点，即该领域的众多研究人员尚未建立起一个关于头发中微量元素化学分析的统一基础；本文在此提出一个化学基础。列出了在人发中发现的37种微量元素的含量。描述并讨论了这些微量元素的内源性和外源性来源。对头发的许多分析前处理方法（用于去除外源性元素）进行了详细综述。列出了24种代表性处理方法。其中一些处理方法在去除外源性元素的同时，也明显去除了相当一部分内源性元素。显然，在对毛干的基本化学性质和行为了解不足的情况下，人们常常选择清洗方法。因此，所获得结果的重要性无法得到可靠评估。对近期文献报道的整理得出一个初步结论，即头发角质层蛋白质中的二硫键既是头发生成过程中金属沉积的主要部位，也是与外源性元素相互作用的主要部位。概述并支持了一种用于头发分析的整体免洗策略的可行性。
