Wickizer T M, Brilliant L B, Copeland R, Tilden R
Am J Public Health. 1981 Feb;71(2):132-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.2.132.
The problem of environmental contamination by toxic substances and human exposure to these substances has attracted increased attention in recent years. Particular concern has centered on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which have become widespread environmental pollutants as well as contaminants of the human population. This paper reports data from a study of PCB contamination of nursing mothers' breast milk in Michigan. During 1977 and 1978, breast milk samples of 1,057 nursing mothers residing in Michigan were tested for PCB residues. All of the 1,057 samples collected from 68 of the state's 83 counties contained PCB residues ranging from trace amounts to 5,100 parts per million (fat weight basis). The mean level was 1,496 parts per million (ppm), with 49.5 per cent of the samples having PCB levels of 1-2 ppm, 17.4 per cent had 2-3 ppm, and 6.14 per cent had more than 3 ppm. There was no consistent trend in the level of PCB contamination over the 24 months of monitoring. The mean PCB level for the eighth quarter of monitoring was slightly higher than for the first quarter. The public health significance of PCB contamination in human populations and its effects on breast-fed for eight months by a woman with the average PCB level in this sample would have an estimated body burden of approximately 0.89 ppm of PCBs. The implications of PCB contamination of human milk with regard to current breast-feeding practices are discussed and several precautionary measures are recommended.
近年来，有毒物质对环境污染以及人类接触这些物质的问题已引起越来越多的关注。人们尤其关注多氯联苯（PCBs），它已成为广泛存在的环境污染物以及人类群体的污染物。本文报告了密歇根州一项关于哺乳期母亲母乳中多氯联苯污染情况的研究数据。在1977年和1978年期间，对居住在密歇根州的1057名哺乳期母亲的母乳样本进行了多氯联苯残留检测。从该州83个县中的68个县采集的1057份样本均含有多氯联苯残留，残留量从痕量到百万分之5100（基于脂肪重量）不等。平均水平为百万分之1496（ppm），其中49.5%的样本多氯联苯水平为1 - 2 ppm，17.4%为2 - 3 ppm，6.14%超过3 ppm。在24个月的监测期内，多氯联苯污染水平没有一致的趋势。监测第八季度的多氯联苯平均水平略高于第一季度。人群中多氯联苯污染的公共卫生意义及其对母乳喂养的影响进行了讨论，并提出了一些预防措施。一位母乳中多氯联苯水平处于本样本平均水平的女性，若母乳喂养8个月，估计其体内多氯联苯的负担约为百万分之0.89 ppm。文中还讨论了母乳中多氯联苯污染对当前母乳喂养做法的影响，并推荐了若干预防措施。
