Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus.

From 21 March to 22 June 1976, 124 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were randomized for inclusion in a prospective trial of preoperative irradiation. Fifteen patients were excluded because of inoperability. Sixty-seven patients were randomly selected to receive 4,000 rads of cobalt radiation for eight days prior to operation; 57 patients were operated upon without receiving radiation therapy. No significant differences were noted between the two groups with regard to age, sex, tumor site, experience of the surgeon, method of approach or surgical technique. Eight esophageal resections were performed upon 47 of the 62 irradiated patients and 33 of the 47 nonirradiated patients. Of the 62 irradiated patients, 14 died during operation, compared with 11 of the 47 nonirradiated patients, the difference between the two groups not being statistically significant. Irradiation was associated with a higher mortality for lesions in the mid third part of the esophagus, 11 of 29 versus four of 19, but again, the difference was not significant. In the irradiated patients, the five year actuarial postoperative survival rate was 9.5 versus 11.5 per cent for the nonirradiated patients. In conclusion, preoperative radiation therapy does not produce a statistically significant short term or long term benefit in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.