Padmanabhan R, Singh G, Singh S
Acta Anat (Basel). 1981;110(4):291-8. doi: 10.1159/000145439.
Vitamin A (1--1.5 lac IU) was administered orally to pregnant Wistar rats on days 8--14 of gestation (sperm + = day 0). Fetuses collected on day 21 revealed several anomalies including those of the eyes, e.g. open eyelids, exophthalmia, cataractous lens, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Histological examination of treated eyes revealed degenerative changes in the cornea, lens and retina; shallowness or obliteration of anterior and vitreous chambers, and complete fusion of various structures with each other in some cases of microphthalmia. Anophthalmic cases showed no trace of any ocular structure. Retinae showed remarkable infoldings. The degenerative changes in retinae were associated with degeneration of optic nerve fibres. Eye malformations induced by hypervitaminosis A were stage dependent and mostly found in groups treated on day 8 and 9 of gestation. Reported cases of anomalies in humans associated with hypervitaminosis A during pregnancy warn us against the uncritical use of high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy.
在妊娠第8至14天（精子着床日为第0天），给怀孕的Wistar大鼠口服维生素A（1 - 1.5万国际单位）。在第21天收集的胎儿显示出多种异常，包括眼部异常，如眼睑张开、眼球突出、晶状体混浊、小眼症和无眼症。对处理过的眼睛进行组织学检查发现，角膜、晶状体和视网膜有退行性变化；前房和玻璃体腔变浅或消失，在一些小眼症病例中，各种结构相互完全融合。无眼症病例未显示任何眼部结构的痕迹。视网膜显示出明显的褶皱。视网膜的退行性变化与视神经纤维的退化有关。维生素A过多症引起的眼部畸形与阶段有关，大多出现在妊娠第8天和第9天接受处理的组中。报告的人类妊娠期间与维生素A过多症相关的异常病例警告我们，孕期不要随意大剂量使用维生素A。
