Pontiroli A E, Alberetto M, Secchi A, Dossi G, Bosi I, Pozza G
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jan 30;284(6312):303-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6312.303.
Regular or crystalline insulin with sodium glycocholate as surfactant administered intranasally to normal volunteers induced hypoglycaemia and an increase in serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum C-peptide concentrations decreased or remained unchanged. Insulin administered intravenously to three of these subjects yielded a potency ratio of 1:8 for intranasal and intravenous insulin. In four insulin-dependent diabetics a cross-over study was performed on different days, insulin being administered once intranasally and once subcutaneously in a ratio of 1:9. In these patients the intranasal insulin was more effective than the subcutaneous insulin in preventing hyperglycaemia after breakfast. In four other insulin-dependent diabetics 11-hours monitoring was performed twice on two different days, insulin being administered in divided dosage sufficient to achieve a reasonable glycaemic profile. The administration during the morning, whereas subcutaneous insulin was more effective than intranasal during the afternoon.
以甘氨胆酸钠作为表面活性剂的常规胰岛素或结晶胰岛素经鼻给予正常志愿者后，可诱发低血糖并使血清免疫反应性胰岛素浓度升高。血清C肽浓度降低或保持不变。对其中3名受试者静脉注射胰岛素后，经鼻胰岛素与静脉注射胰岛素的效价比为1:8。在4名胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者中，于不同日期进行了一项交叉研究，胰岛素以1:9的比例经鼻给药一次、皮下给药一次。在这些患者中，经鼻胰岛素在预防早餐后高血糖方面比皮下胰岛素更有效。在另外4名胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者中，于两个不同日期进行了两次11小时的监测，胰岛素以分次给药的方式给予，剂量足以实现合理的血糖曲线。上午给药时，经鼻胰岛素比皮下胰岛素更有效，而下午皮下胰岛素比经鼻胰岛素更有效。
