Vazquez M, Pearson P B, Beauchamp G K
Physiol Behav. 1982 Mar;28(3):513-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90148-2.
Taste and flavor preferences were evaluated in malnourished (n=113) and well nourished (n=87) Mexican infants tested between 2 and 24 months of age. Not all infants were tested in all conditions. The malnourished infants all suffered from second or third degree malnutrition (marasmus) and were tested 2-28 days after admission to a renutrition center. Well nourished control infants were tested at their own homes or neighbor's homes. In the first experiment, testing consisted of brief presentations of moderate concentrations of sucrose (sweet), NaCl (salty), citric acid (sour) and urea (bitter). Infants were allowed to ingest as much of the taste substances as they wished. Volume of taste solutions and diluent was determined and provided the data for comparison between groups. In the second experiment, responses to casein hydrolysate and monosodium glutamate solutions were studied with soup serving as the diluent. The preferences of malnourished children for NaCl, citric acid and urea were not substantially different from those of the well nourished group. In sucrose tests, malnourished infants recently admitted to the renutrition center exhibited a decreased response. Malnourished infants ingested more casein hydrolysate and soup solution than soup alone. Control infants tended to respond in the opposite direction. All infants exhibited a preference for soup with MSG relative to plain soup.
对年龄在2至24个月之间的营养不良（n = 113）和营养良好（n = 87）的墨西哥婴儿进行了味觉和风味偏好评估。并非所有婴儿都在所有条件下接受了测试。营养不良的婴儿均患有二度或三度营养不良（消瘦症），并在进入营养恢复中心2至28天后接受测试。营养良好的对照婴儿在他们自己家中或邻居家中接受测试。在第一个实验中，测试包括短暂呈现中等浓度的蔗糖（甜）、氯化钠（咸）、柠檬酸（酸）和尿素（苦）。允许婴儿随意摄取尽可能多的味觉物质。测定了味觉溶液和稀释剂的体积，并提供了用于组间比较的数据。在第二个实验中，以汤作为稀释剂，研究了对酪蛋白水解物和味精溶液的反应。营养不良儿童对氯化钠、柠檬酸和尿素的偏好与营养良好组的偏好没有实质性差异。在蔗糖测试中，最近进入营养恢复中心的营养不良婴儿表现出反应降低。营养不良的婴儿摄入的酪蛋白水解物和汤溶液比单独的汤更多。对照婴儿的反应倾向于相反的方向。相对于清汤，所有婴儿都表现出对添加味精的汤的偏好。
