Howard C F
Diabetes. 1982;31(Suppl 1 Pt 2):37-42. doi: 10.2337/diab.31.1.s37.
Nonhuman primates have been used for a variety of studies on diabetes mellitus. Spontaneous, natural forms of diabetes have been well documented in several species; there are limited data on numerous other species that indicate diabetes or a diabetes-like syndrome. The causes and manifestations of spontaneous diabetes, their prevalence, and their severity vary among species. Diabetes has also been induced in nonhuman primates with streptozotocin, alloxan, hypothalamic lesions, or pancreatectomy. The extent and severity of metabolic and hormonal abnormalities vary according to the method of induction, the individual monkey, and the species. Metabolic, hormonal, and pathologic abnormalities present in human diabetics also occur in monkeys with either spontaneous or induced diabetes. Hyperglycemia and impaired glucose clearance are common, lipid concentrations are elevated, and hemoglobin A1c concentrations are increased in hyperglycemic monkeys. Monkeys may have fasting hypo- or hyperinsulinemia; insulin responses are often impaired in glucose tolerance tests. Glucagon concentrations may be increased. Aortic atherosclerosis, muscle capillary microangiopathies, cataracts, and glomerulosclerosis have been documented. Primate size and longevity allow longitudinal studies with procedures that may not be feasible in smaller animals or in human beings. Nonhuman primates may be the models of choice for studies on selected aspects of diabetes and its secondary complications.
非人灵长类动物已被用于多种糖尿病研究。几种物种中已充分记录了自发性、自然形式的糖尿病；关于许多其他物种的糖尿病或类糖尿病综合征的数据有限。自发性糖尿病的病因、表现、患病率和严重程度因物种而异。也已通过链脲佐菌素、四氧嘧啶、下丘脑损伤或胰腺切除术在非人灵长类动物中诱导出糖尿病。代谢和激素异常的程度和严重程度因诱导方法、个体猴子和物种而异。人类糖尿病患者中出现的代谢、激素和病理异常也出现在患有自发性或诱导性糖尿病的猴子中。高血糖和葡萄糖清除受损很常见，高脂血症，高血糖猴子的糖化血红蛋白浓度升高。猴子可能有空腹胰岛素血症或高胰岛素血症；在葡萄糖耐量试验中，胰岛素反应通常受损。胰高血糖素浓度可能会升高。已记录到主动脉粥样硬化、肌肉毛细血管微血管病变、白内障和肾小球硬化。灵长类动物的体型和寿命使得采用一些在较小动物或人类中可能不可行的方法进行纵向研究成为可能。非人灵长类动物可能是糖尿病及其继发性并发症某些方面研究的首选模型。
