Axelsson K, Jozwiak H, Lingårdh G, Schönebeck J, Widman B
Br J Urol. 1983 Feb;55(1):64-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1983.tb07081.x.
In 35 patients undergoing topical anaesthesia with lignocaine (lidocaine) gel (2% Xylocaine gel) the concentration of lignocaine base was measured in repeated venous blood samples. Twenty patients (group I) were given 20 ml of 2% lignocaine gel (400 mg lignocaine) and 5 patients (group II) received 40 ml (800 mg lignocaine) endourethrally. These 2 groups of patients underwent either dilation of the urethra or urethrocystoscopy. Ten patients (group III) undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate or a bladder tumour, were given 20 ml of gel (400 mg lignocaine) plus spinal anaesthesia with 2 ml of 5% lignocaine (100 mg lignocaine) with 7.5% glucose (Xylocaine "heavy"). The mean peak blood concentrations of lignocaine in these 3 groups were 0.06, 0.15 and 0.36 micrograms/ml respectively. Patients undergoing urethral dilatation had significantly higher blood concentrations than cystoscopy patients. The blood concentrations in group III were not higher than the expected value when spinal anaesthesia and lignocaine gel were given simultaneously. There was no statistically significant difference in the blood concentration between patients undergoing different types of transurethral resection (prostate and cancer of the bladder). Lignocaine applied endourethrally gives an extremely low blood concentration which is far below the level which can cause general toxic symptoms.
对35例使用利多卡因凝胶（2%赛罗卡因凝胶）进行局部麻醉的患者，采集多份静脉血样本测定利多卡因碱的浓度。20例患者（I组）经尿道给予20 ml 2%利多卡因凝胶（400 mg利多卡因），5例患者（II组）经尿道给予40 ml（800 mg利多卡因）。这两组患者接受了尿道扩张术或尿道膀胱镜检查。10例接受经尿道前列腺切除术或膀胱肿瘤切除术的患者（III组），给予20 ml凝胶（400 mg利多卡因）加2 ml 5%利多卡因（100 mg利多卡因）与7.5%葡萄糖混合液（重比重赛罗卡因）的脊髓麻醉。这三组利多卡因的平均血药峰浓度分别为0.06、0.15和0.36微克/毫升。接受尿道扩张术的患者血药浓度明显高于膀胱镜检查患者。III组在同时给予脊髓麻醉和利多卡因凝胶时，血药浓度不高于预期值。接受不同类型经尿道切除术（前列腺和膀胱癌）的患者血药浓度无统计学显著差异。经尿道应用利多卡因产生的血药浓度极低，远低于可引起全身中毒症状的水平。
