Oishi T, Konishi T
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1983 Apr;50(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90236-8.
The size of the cloacal gland was found to be a reliable indicator of testicular activity of Japanese quail. Six experiments were performed to examine the effects of alternating long and short photoperiod on the size of the cloacal gland of male Japanese quail. Three types of photoperiodic cloacal responses were distinguished. Type I birds became refractory to short photoperiods after they had experienced 5 weeks or more of short days. They maintained large cloacal glands under subsequent condition of alternating long and short photoperiod. Type II birds were intermediate types I and III birds did not become refractory to short photoperiods after experiencing 5 weeks or more of short days. The cloacal glands responded to conditions of alternating long and short photoperiods with increases or decreases in size. Feather color on the throat was found to correspond to the type of cloacal response. Type I birds had brick-red throat feathers. Type II birds had white feathers intermingled with brick-red feathers. Type III had white throat feathers. The percentages of types I, II, and III observed in the experimental population was 67, 18, and 15%, respectively. Type III birds were used to study the effects of blinding on the cloacal response to short photoperiod. Five out of eight blinded type III birds did not lose the responsiveness to short photoperiod. These results are consistent with the view that extraocular photoreceptors participate in the photoperiodic gonadal response of Japanese quail.
泄殖腔腺的大小被发现是日本鹌鹑睾丸活动的可靠指标。进行了六项实验，以研究长短交替光照周期对雄性日本鹌鹑泄殖腔腺大小的影响。区分出三种类型的光周期泄殖腔反应。I型鸟类在经历5周或更长时间的短日照后对短光照周期变得不应性。在随后的长短交替光照周期条件下，它们保持较大的泄殖腔腺。II型鸟类是中间类型，III型鸟类在经历5周或更长时间的短日照后对短光照周期没有变得不应性。泄殖腔腺对长短交替光照周期条件的反应是大小增加或减小。发现喉部羽毛颜色与泄殖腔反应类型相对应。I型鸟类喉部羽毛为砖红色。II型鸟类羽毛为白色与砖红色相间。III型鸟类喉部羽毛为白色。在实验群体中观察到的I型、II型和III型的百分比分别为67%、18%和15%。III型鸟类被用于研究致盲对泄殖腔对短光照周期反应的影响。八只致盲的III型鸟类中有五只没有丧失对短光照周期的反应性。这些结果与眼外光感受器参与日本鹌鹑光周期性腺反应的观点一致。
