Stanisz J, Wice B M, Kennell D E
J Cell Physiol. 1983 Jun;115(3):320-30. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041150316.
The yields of energy from oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and glutamine were compared in cultures of chick embryo heart muscle (heart) and HeLa cells. Aerobic energy production, as measured by oxygen utilization, was comparable in the two cell types. In media containing dialyzed sera, the rates of incorporation of fatty acids directly into lipids were similar in both cells and accounted for greater than 97% of fatty acid metabolism in HeLa cells. However, in heart cells only 45% ended in lipid, 42% in protein, and 13% was released as CO2; the latter two products probably reflect the oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl-coenzyme A (-CoA) and its subsequent metabolism in the citrate cycle. Increased serum concentration in the medium did not affect fatty acid metabolism in HeLa cultures, but resulted in greater oxidation by heart cells (greater than 100 times that by HeLa cells). The metabolisms of both glucose and glutamine were similar in heart and HeLa cells with greater than or equal to 60% of glucose carbon ending as medium lactate and only 3-5% converted to acetyl-CoA. About 25% of glutamine carbon ended as CO2 and increased utilizations with increasing serum concentrations was accountable in both cells by increased lactate from glucose and glutamate from glutamine. CO2 production (and energy) from glutamine was independent of glutamine concentration within a tenfold range of physiological concentrations. The yields of energy have been calculated. In 10% dialyzed calf serum, oxidation of glutamine carbon provided about half of the total energy in heart cells; glucose about 35-45%, with most coming from glycolysis; oxidation of fatty acid carbon provided only 5-10%. That greater than 90% of the aerobic energy comes from glutamine in both cells can account for the comparable rates of oxygen utilization. HeLa cells derived little or no energy from fatty acids.
在鸡胚心肌（心脏）和HeLa细胞培养物中比较了脂肪酸、葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺氧化产生的能量。通过氧气利用来衡量的有氧能量产生在这两种细胞类型中相当。在含有透析血清的培养基中，两种细胞中脂肪酸直接掺入脂质的速率相似，并且在HeLa细胞中占脂肪酸代谢的比例超过97%。然而，在心脏细胞中，只有45%的脂肪酸最终形成脂质，42%形成蛋白质，13%以二氧化碳形式释放；后两种产物可能反映了脂肪酸氧化为乙酰辅酶A（-CoA）及其随后在柠檬酸循环中的代谢。培养基中血清浓度的增加不影响HeLa培养物中的脂肪酸代谢，但导致心脏细胞的氧化作用增强（比HeLa细胞大100倍以上）。心脏和HeLa细胞中葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的代谢相似，超过或等于60%的葡萄糖碳最终以培养基乳酸的形式存在，只有3 - 5%转化为乙酰辅酶A。约25%的谷氨酰胺碳最终以二氧化碳形式存在，两种细胞中随着血清浓度增加利用增加可归因于葡萄糖产生的乳酸增加和谷氨酰胺产生的谷氨酸增加。在生理浓度的十倍范围内，谷氨酰胺产生的二氧化碳（和能量）与谷氨酰胺浓度无关。已经计算了能量产量。在10%透析小牛血清中，谷氨酰胺碳的氧化为心脏细胞提供了约一半的总能量；葡萄糖约为35 - 45%，大部分来自糖酵解；脂肪酸碳的氧化仅提供5 - 10%。两种细胞中超过90%的有氧能量来自谷氨酰胺可以解释相当的氧气利用速率。HeLa细胞从脂肪酸中获得的能量很少或没有。
