Bray N W, Biasini F J, Thrasher K A
Appl Res Ment Retard. 1983;4(1):13-27. doi: 10.1016/s0270-3092(83)80015-0.
Two experiments were reported investigating the conditions that elicit request-making in the moderately and the severely mentally retarded. In both experiments single-subject designs were used with a store game task designed to closely approximate a naturalistic communication situation. In the first experiment moderately retarded adults were able to consistently communicate which of two objects they wished to obtain from a store counter. In the second, severely retarded adolescents initially made some errors but communicated effectively on 100% of the trials by the end of the experiment. These results contrast markedly with the results from the less naturalistic task used previously. In both experiments the amount of verbalization was greater when the task was arranged to create a demand for communication. Applications of these findings to everyday communicative situations involving the mentally retarded are discussed.
报告了两项实验，研究引发中度和重度智力迟钝者提出请求的条件。在这两项实验中，均采用单受试者设计，并使用了一个商店游戏任务，该任务旨在紧密模拟自然主义的交流情境。在第一个实验中，中度智力迟钝的成年人能够始终如一地传达他们希望从商店柜台获取两个物品中的哪一个。在第二个实验中，重度智力迟钝的青少年最初出现了一些错误，但到实验结束时，在100%的试验中都能有效地进行交流。这些结果与之前使用的不太自然主义的任务所得到的结果形成了鲜明对比。在这两项实验中，当任务被安排以创造交流需求时，言语表达的量会更大。讨论了这些发现对涉及智力迟钝者的日常交流情境的应用。
